□ 聯合國相關語言權之宣言及會議　　　
□ 歐洲相關語言權之宣言及會議　　　
□ 美洲相關語言權之宣言及會議　　　
□ 非洲相關語言權之宣言及會議　　　

美洲相關語言權之宣言及會議

■美洲人類權利及義務宣言
『美洲人類權利及義務宣言』由美洲國家於1948年5月2日在哥倫比亞首都波哥大第9次美洲國家組織國際會議上簽署。

第二條

法律之前人人平等，並擁有此宣言所載明之權利和義務，不因種族、性別、語言、宗教及其他因素而有所不同。

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man was adopted by the Ninth International Conference of American States of the Organization of American States in Bogota, Columbia, on 2 May 1948.

Article 2

All persons are equal before the law and have the rights and duties established in this Declaration, without distinction as to race, sex, language, creed or any other factor.

　

■美洲人權公約
『美洲人權公約』由美洲國家組織會員國於1969年11月22日在哥斯大黎加聖荷西簽署，於1978年7月18日生效。

第一條

第一項
公約締約國需保障及尊重公約所載明之權利和自由，並確保人民自由履行這些權利和自由的權利，不因種族、膚色、性別、宗教、政治或其他主張、民族或社會出身、經濟地位、出身、或其他社會地位之不同而有差別。

第八條

第二項
每個人在被指控為連續犯罪，在法律還不能證明他的罪刑時，都有權利被視為無罪。於訴訟過程，人皆平等，並享有下列最少的保障：

第一款
被控訴期間，假如被指控者不懂或不會說法官或法院的語言，有權利要求免費的口譯及筆譯協助。

American Convention on Human Rights
The American Convention on Human Rights was adopted by member states of the Organization of American States in San Jose, Costa Rica, on 22 November 1969. It entered into force on 18 July 1978.

Article 1

1. The states parties to this Convention undertake to respect the rights and freedoms recognised herein and to ensure to all persons subject to their jurisdiction the free and full exercise of those rights and freedoms, without any discrimination for reasons of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, economic status, birth, or any other social condition.

Article 8

2. Every person accused of a serious crime has the right to be presumed innocent so long as his guilt has not been proven according to law. During the proceedings, every person is entitled, with full equality, to the following minimum guarantees: 

(a) the right of the accused to be assisted without charge by a translator or interpreter, if he does not understand or does not speak the language of the tribunal or court; 

　

■美洲人權公約：區域經濟、社會及文化權利議定書
『美洲人權公約：區域經濟、社會及文化權利議定書』由美洲國家組織會員國簽署於1988年11月17日哥斯大黎加首都聖荷西。

第三條

議定書締約國承諾履行本議定書所宣佈之權利，不因任何種族、膚色、性別、語言、宗教、政治或其他主張、民族及社會出身、經濟地位、出身或任何社會地位之不同，而有所差別。

Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
The Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights was signed by member states of the Organization of American States in San Jose, Costa Rica, on 17 November 1988.

Article 3

The State Parties to this Protocol undertake to guarantee the exercise of the rights set forth herein without discrimination of any kind for reasons related to race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinions, national or social origin, economic status, birth or any other social condition. 

　

■美洲原住民族權利宣言草案
『美洲原住民族權利宣言草案』是由美洲人權會議於1997年2月26日第1333會議、第95常會中通過採行。

第二條

第二項
原住民族擁有為享有其個人權利所不可或缺的集體權利。因此，國家特別承認原住民族在集體行動、文化、公開宣稱並實踐其精神信仰、以及使用其語言的各種權利。

第七條

第三項
國家應承認並尊重原住民族原有的生活型態、風俗、傳統、社交方式、經濟與政治組織、制度、習俗、信仰與價值觀、衣著和語言的使用。

第八條

第一項
原住民族對於其原有的語言、構成其國家和宇宙文化的哲學與觀點，有權受到尊重，並應促其將之發揚光大。
第二項
國家應採行措施以確保在多數原住民居住地區的廣播與電視節目，應以原住民的語言播出，並且亦支持原住民創設自己的廣播電台或其他媒體。
第三項
國家應採取有效措施以令原住民族瞭解國家的行政、法律、政治規範與程序，並且亦令在這些方面能夠被瞭解。在以原住民語言為主的地區，國家應設法讓這些語言成為官方語言，並且賦予其官方語言應有的地位。

第九條

第二項
依原住民族自己的決定，教育應以其原住民語言進行，並且其內容應與原住民本身相關。同時，政府應提供原住民為熟悉官方語言所必要的訓練和措施。

第十六條

第三項
在任何國家的司法審判中，有關原住民族或其利益的程序，應以能充分保障原住民族發言之尊嚴與其法律平等權的方式進行；包括奉行原住民的法律和習俗，並且在必要的時候使用他們的語言。

Draft American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
The Draft American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was approved by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on February 26 1997 at its 1333rd session, 95th regular session. 

Article VII

3. The states shall recognize and respect indigenous ways of life, customs, traditions, forms of social, economic and political organization, institutions, practices, beliefs and values, use of dress, and languages.

Article VIII

1. Indigenous peoples have the right to indigenous languages, philosophy and outlook as a component of national and universal culture, and as such, shall respect them and facilitate their dissemination. 

2. The states shall take measures and ensure that broadcast radio and television programs are broadcast in the indigenous languages in the regions where there is a strong indigenous presence, and to support the creation of indigenous radio stations and other media. 

3. The states shall take effective measures to enable indigenous peoples to understand dministrative, legal and political rules and procedures, and to be understood in relation to these matters. In areas where indigenous languages are predominant, states shall endeavor to establish the pertinent languages as official languages and to give them the same status that is given to non-indigenous official languages. 

Article IX

2. When indigenous peoples so decide, educational systems shall be conducted in the indigenous languages and incorporate indigenous content, and they shall also be provided with the necessary training and means for complete mastery of the official language or languages.

Article XVI

3. In the jurisdiction of any state, procedures concerning indigenous peoples or their interests shall be conducted in such a way as to ensure the right of indigenous peoples to full representation with dignity and equality before the law. This shall include observance of indigenous law and custom and, where necessary, use of their language.